WORDS OF PRAISE FOR THE SPEAKING SELF

February 27, 2026

 

Readers of this blog may not be aware of the fact that there exist two editions in book form of its revised posts, the most recent (and second) edition published by Springer in 2017. Unfortunately, the publisher has priced the book so high that it has not sold well (while being available in academic libraries). So at the risk of being liable for excessive self-praise, here are the expressions of praise the book has garnered:

“Michael Shapiro is one of the great thinkers in the realm of linguistics and language use, and his integrated understanding of language and speech in its semantic and pragmatic structure, grammatical and historical grounding, and colloquial to literary stylistic variants is perhaps unmatched today. Who might be interested in this book? Certainly linguists, language scholars, literary theorists, novelists, poets, essayists, journalists–but also those who find the dictionary entertaining reading (there are surprisingly many of us), or simply those whose fascination with the inner workings of language knows no bounds. This book is a treasure to be shared.” – Robert S. Hatten, The University of Texas at Austin

“Jewel of a book. . . . a gift to us all from Michael Shapiro. Like a Medieval Chapbook it can be a kind of companion whose vignettes on language use can be randomly and profitably consulted at any moment. Some may consider these vignettes opinionated. That would be to ignore how deeply anchored each vignette is in Shapiro’s long and rare polyglot experience with language. It could well serve as a night table book, taken up each night to read and reflect upon ––to ponder––both in the twilight mind and in the deeper reaches of associative somnolence. There is nothing else like it that I know of.” – James W. Fernandez, The University of Chicago

“I was overwhelmed by [the book’s] richness and diversity. Besides its great general value for linguistic theory (and its popularization), it would obviously deserve to constitute an important part also of the orthoepic discussion that should be going on in the US. This is no doubt an extraordinary achievement which reflects a rare mastery of the most various aspects of language and language usage. The outspokenly pedagogical approach, witnessed by the clear English prose and the introductory glossaries, should make the book accessible to a broad American-English public of readers interested in their mother tongue and its fate. It’s an eminent oeuvre which hopefully will receive all the attention it deserves!”- Nils B. Thelin, Universities of Uppsala and Oldenburg

“Michael Shapiro’s work is truly singular in numerous respects, but no one is more characteristic than the manner in which he brings into deepest harmony a theoretical sophistication and the unblinkingly attentive concern with fine-grained detail (detail as salient as subtle). He combines the approach of a tough-minded linguist for whom evidence – and evidence alone – is decisive and the fluid sensitivity of the poet. This makes these reflections a joy to read. Even in the case of the casual reader, one’s own ear and eye will become more finely attuned to important features of our linguistic practices. These reflections add up to nothing less than a vividly realized portrait of speaking selves in all their complexity.” – Vincent Colapietro, The Pennsylvania State University

The Speaking Self is full of surprises and discoveries. It is an impressive collection of                   observations about language use, original interpretations, linguistic wisdom.”– Donka Minkova Stockwell, UCLA

“Michael Shapiro’s new book takes an Internet genre – a corpus of weblog posts – and revitalises the conventional `Introduction to Linguistics’ by means of a microscopic analysis of a multitude of linguistic blemishes that characterise Anglo-Saxon culture today. The Speaking Self should be on every linguist’s bookshelf, should figure in the bibliographies of linguistics courses, and should be mandatory reading for TV presenters, sports commentators and the subeditors of our national newspapers. A very fine achievement.” – Anthony Jappy, University of Perpignan

“Reading this book is like having a conversation with an expert in linguistics.  . . . I found each of the entries comparable to a New Yorker cartoon. Each episode is interesting and a lot of them are funny, but the amusement is the beginning of an understanding. Because they describe what we see and hear all around us, they make the ordinary become remarkable. We see how language is at work in us and how we declare ourselves in the most common things we say. – Robert Sokolowski, The Catholic University of America

“I’ve read miscellanies on the lore and usage of language before, but never one that shows all at once such a fine ear, such love for language, and such theoretical depth glimmering in brief dips and deeper dives alike. This is the kind of book that has value far outweighing any disagreement about particulars. If you enjoy and value the lore and study of language, then read The Speaking Self because Michael Shapiro is a master.” – Ben Udell, The Peirce Blog

“The Speaking Self is a book that is at once erudite, provocative, informative, and amusing. I recommend dipping in anywhere to enjoy Michael Shapiro’s wide-ranging examples followed by his insightful commentary. . . . Dr. Shapiro has both an ear and a mind for language, and the result is a highly enjoyable and unusually thoughtful book. J. Norris Frederick, Queens University of Charlotte

Michael Shapiro, one of the world’s foremost linguists, has written a book on English language usage and lore which is as informative as it is fun to read. You can ‘drop into’ the book at any place––its unique structure allowing you to virtually open it at random and find something of interest––and read a short, well written essay (or two or three or many) on topics you may have considered before, or some you’ve perhaps never thought about. You come away from each essay positively delighted in knowing something more than you knew before. – Gary J. Richmond, LaGuardia College of the City University of New York

“Shapiro serves us vignettes with living vine leading to soothing wine, up to tiny festive bubbles. He provides a modern Neostructuralist touch informed by the semiotics of C. S. Peirce. . . Shapiro puts his “synchronic philology” into the living contemporary usage, from phonetics to wider semantics and cultural contexts, based on his own observation and compilation. Shapiro picks up raw, rough rocks and polishes them into gems . . . His book informs and entertains with precision and charm.” – Raimo Anttila, University of California, Los Angeles

“Anyone who loves words will love this book. The proper use of language, the mispronunciation of words, why it happens and what it means—all this and more may be found in Professor Shapiro’s engaging, thought-provoking analysis of contemporary English—a page-turner I couldn’t put down, and gladly return to again and again. In a word, not only is The Speaking Self thoroughly engaging, at the same time it is authoritative, informative, and full of surprises about the language we all take for granted, but clearly don’t understand as well as we should. Thanks to Michael Shapiro, this book goes a long way in making up for what we don’t know but can now better understand and appreciate thanks to the erudite and often humorous explanations he provides. This book is a must for anyone with an interest in language in general and words in particular. – Joseph W. Dauben, Lehman College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York

“It is a splendid piece, immensely learned, written with clarity and rigor . . . and I have learned a great deal from it. I think of it as a feast for those drawn to dictionaries, cultural history and to the ever fascinating, and for me as yet unsolved, issue of the origin of Language.” – Stephen Werner, University of California, Los Angeles

“It is a fantastic book, immensely interesting and extraordinarily well written, and I am              totally amazed at [its] learning and erudition. . .  delightful and rewarding!

– Stig Eliasson, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz

“Michael Shapiro’s The Speaking Self is a joyous celebration of the complexity, endless variety, and uniquely human elements of our linguistic lives, thoughts, and actions.  The book can be picked up and read from any page and one will find something interesting to expand our understanding of language.  Anyone who might be prone to think that human language is just another, perhaps higher, form of computer language or math will be instantly convinced of the contrary. Human language is infinitely adaptable and here we have a book that is up to the infinite task of demonstrating that fact.” – John Nassivera, Columbia University Society of Fellows in the Humanities

“Recently, I have re-read with the utmost interest and pleasure [this] masterful book, The Speaking Self: Language, Lore and English Usage. This work is a disquisition on a disparate range of topics, but all magisterially linked together to form a compendium of observations that weaves an intricate tapestry of learning, exemplifying a highly sophisticated worldview – the accumulation of years of careful study and pertinent observation. It is another demonstration (as if one more were needed!) of Professor Shapiro’s superior ability to bring together in a telling discourse strands of learning from disparate literatures and, indeed, fields of study – from literature to linguistics, to semiotics, history, sociology, anthropology, mythology, and psychology. I cannot recommend it more highly for those readers who want to broaden their intellectual and cultural scope.” – Claude Carey, Professor Emerita, Brown University

 MICHAEL SHAPIRO

 

Perennially Inaccurate Translation

February 7, 2026

            For those readers of this blog who are classical music enthusiasts, it may be of interest to learn that translations of Russian names and titles are often mistaken or slightly inaccurate. I was reminded of this situation this morning while listening on my car radio to Mussorgsky’s “Pictures at an Exhibition,” which was announced by the host with just this traditional English translation of the Russian original (“Kартинки с выставки”). The mistranslation occurs where the original has the preposition с (the Cyrillic letter for Latin s), meaning “from”, but the translation has at. This may not seem like much of an error to the monolingual English speaker, but to a native Russian speaker like YHB it is an error nonetheless.

As a sidebar to this matter, the reader may be interested to learn that the composer’s surname, Mussorgsky (R Муссоргский), has stress on the initial in Russian, whereas in English it is invariably pronounced with the stress on the medial syllable.

MICHAEL SHAPIRO

The Second Amendment Revisited––Yet Again!

August 28, 2025

In view of what happened in Minneapolis yesterday, it would be well for readers of this blog to be reminded of the following post from 2012:

The Second Amendment to the United States Constitution states: “A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.” Gun owners assert a right to own and use firearms on the basis of the main clause of the amendment. In the so-called Heller case, the United States Supreme Court has sustained their right, ignoring in 2007 the well-reasoned amicus brief filed by professional linguists that argued that the grammar of the amendment does not allow such an interpretation. Here is a summary (from Dennis Baron, “Guns and Grammar: the Linguistics of the Second Amendment” (www.english.illinois.edu/-people/faculty/debaron/essays/guns.pdf):

“In our amicus brief in the Heller case we attempted to demonstrate,
• that the Second Amendment must be read in its entirety, and that its initial
absolute functions as a subordinate adverbial that establishes a cause-and-effect
connection with the amendment’s main clause;
• that the vast preponderance of examples show that the phrase bear arms refers
specifically to carrying weapons in the context of a well-regulated militia;
• that the word militia itself refers to a federally-authorized, collective fighting
force, drawn only from the subgroup of citizens eligible for service in such a
body;
• and that as the linguistic evidence makes clear, the militia clause is inextricably
bound to the right to bear arms clause.
18th-century readers, grammarians, and lexicographers understood the Second
Amendment in this way, and it is how linguists have understood it as well.”

What is paramount in the correct interpretation is something Baron et al. do not discuss, namely the order of the two clauses. The participial first clause, even in 18th-century English, could just as well have been placed second, in a familiar pattern that can be seen, for instance, in a sentence like: “There will be no swimming today at the recreation center, the pool being closed on Mondays.” Clearly, there is a cause-and-effect relation between the fact of no swimming and the particular day of the week, regardless of the placement of the two clauses vis-à-vis each other, but what  is at stake here is a form of grammatical government that is best captured by their ORDER, which is to say their HIERARCHICAL relationship. The first clause occurs where it does because the writer/utterer deems it to be MORE IMPORTANT than the second clause.

The same obtains in the element order of the Second Amendment. The word militia of the first clause governs––is hierarchically superordinate to––the phrase the right of the people to keep and bear arms. The framers of the Constitution had the grammatical option to invert the two clauses but did not. The element order speaks for itself, rendering militia the pragmatistic scope (i. e., in the Peircean sense of the philosophical doctrine of pragmatism) under which right to keep and bear arms is restricted.

MICHAEL SHAPIRO

The Speaking Self: Language Lore and English Usage

July 8, 2025

The title of this post is also the title of my book, which has as its contents many of the posts that are available on this blog. The book is in its second edition (dated 2017) and is available on Amazon.

Unfortunately, the publisher––Springer Nature––has set such a high price for the book that it is unlikely to be bought by the ordinary reader. However, all readers of this blog are highly encouraged to gain access to the book if they can manage it, perhaps by going to an academic library or reading it digitally.

As evidenced by the reviews, making an effort to sampleThe Speaking Self: Language Lore and English Usage should be more than worth the effort.

MICHAEL SHAPIRO

The Glossary of Useful Words 24: ‘cachinnate’

March 16, 2024

Laughter is an almost unique human behavior/trait that is denoted in every language by a verb and its coordinate substantive. Some languages have at least two such verbs, the first being the neutral descriptor and the second describing the action to a higher degree. Thus Russian (Y-H-B’s native language) has the neutral verb smejat’sja but also the verb xoxotat’ ‘laugh uproariously’.
In English we also have a verb of the second type, cachinnate, which is largely unknown to the general speaking public. The two agentive substantives derived therefrom are cachinnator (male) and cachinnatrix (female), neither of which are in general use. They are very handy, nevertheless, as was proved to me this morning when I visited my Saturday Stammlokal for breakfast, The Little Rooster Café, in Manchester Center, Vermont. One of the servers, a woman named Michelle, who cachinnates habitually, did so several times today, and I was moved to say to her, “you’re quite a cachinnatrix!” At which she looked at me dumbfoundedly.

MICHAEL SHAPIRO

The Voiding of Literal Meaning through Overuse (‘absolutely’)

March 10, 2024

Certain words in all languages lose their original or literal meaning through overuse. In contemporary American English no word meets this definition more closely than absolutely, which has become simply a vocable used for emphasis or affirmation, replacing words like yes, right, or such phrases as “you can say that again.” Another such word is great, as when a waitress asked a customer in my Sunday Stammlokal, Up for Breakfast, whether he would like a regular coffee rather than a flavored one, and he answered, “That would be great!”

As has been registered here before, absolutely as a habitual emphatic or affirmative is yet another example of American English’s tropism toward overstatement (i.e., linguistic hypertrophy). Tant pis!

MICHAEL SHAPIRO

The Glossary of Useful Words 23: ‘supererogatory’

February 3, 2024

THE GLOSSARY OF USEFUL WORDS 23: ‘SUPEREROGATORY’
The word superfluous is used all the time in speech and writing and can hardly be deemed superfluous. However, there is a synonym—namely, “supererogatory,”—which is hardly ever used but is actually very useful. Here is how it is defined in Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary Online:
1a:of, relating to, or characterized by supererogation
b:observed or performed to an extent not enjoined or required
2: that can be dispensed with:superfluous, nonessential

Next time I introduce myself as a substitute teacher to a class at Burr and Burton Academy as “Dr. S.,” I will be sure to add “as in supererogatory!”

MICHAEL SHAPIRO